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The cruiser ''Bayan'' (Russian: ''Баян'') was the name ship of the four armoured cruisers built for the Imperial Russian Navy in the first decade of the 20th century. The ship had to be built in France because there was no available capacity in Russia. ''Bayan'' was assigned to the First Pacific Squadron after completion and based at Port Arthur from the end of 1903. She suffered minor damage during the Battle of Port Arthur at the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 and supported destroyers as they patrolled outside the harbour. After bombarding Japanese positions in July 1904, the ship struck a mine and was out of action for the next several months. ''Bayan'' was sunk during the Siege of Port Arthur and was then salvaged by the Japanese after the war. Renamed ''Aso'' by the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) she served as a training ship after extensive repairs. The ship was converted into a minelayer in 1917 and was decommissioned in 1930 to serve as a target ship. She was eventually sunk as a target in 1932. ==Design and description== Unlike previous Russian armoured cruisers, the ''Bayan''-class ships were designed as scouts for the fleet.〔Vinogradov & Fedechkin, p. 4〕 They were long overall and between perpendiculars. They had a maximum beam of , a draft of and displaced . The ships had a crew of 573 officers and men.〔McLaughlin, p. 75〕 The ''Bayan'' class had two vertical triple-expansion steam engines, each driving a single propeller shaft using steam provided by 26 Belleville boilers. Designed for a total of intended to propel the cruisers at ,〔Chesneau & Kolesnik, p. 190〕 the engines actually developed during ''Bayan''s sea trials in October 1902 and drove the ship to a maximum speed of . She could carry a maximum of of coal, which gave her a range of at .〔 ''Bayan''s main armament consisted of two 45-calibre guns in single turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. Her eight guns were mounted in casemates on the sides of the ship's hull.〔Watts, p. 100〕 Anti-torpedo boat defence was provided by twenty 50-calibre guns; eight of these were mounted in casemates on the side of the hull and in the superstructure. The remaining guns were located above the six-inch gun casemates in pivot mounts with gun shields. ''Bayan'' also mounted eight and two Hotchkiss guns. The ship had two submerged torpedo tubes, one on each broadside.〔McLaughlin, pp. 68, 75〕 The ship used Harvey armour throughout. Her waterline belt was thick over her machinery spaces. Fore and aft, it reduced to . The upper armour strake and the armour protecting the casemates was thick. The thickness of the armoured deck was ; over the central battery it was a single plate, but elsewhere it consisted of a plate over two plates. The gun turret sides were protected by of armour and their roofs were 1.2 inches thick. The barbettes were protected by armour plates thick. The sides of the conning tower were thick.〔McLaughlin, p. 68〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian cruiser Bayan (1900)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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